At first it may seem ridiculous that serious scientists bothered to check on the matter. But hand washing is a serious issue. If, for example, you’re sick and you don’t wash your hands frequently, the warm, moist creases in your palms become perfect havens for disease-causing germs, making it easy for you to spread them directly to others or onto surfaces that others may touch. Soon, you’ll have lots of sniffling company.

Within your control
The important thing to remember is that some pretty serious diseases, including hepatitis A, meningitis, and infectious diarrhea, can easily be prevented if people make a habit of washing their hands. Used the right way, soap and hot water can remove most of the danger in seconds.

Common sense tells us that hands should be washed when they are dirty. But it’s also essential to wash them after coughing, sneezing, using tobacco, blowing into a handkerchief or tissue, using the bathroom or handling diapers, cleaning dirty surfaces, handling an animal, and before, during, and after preparing food. Studies have found that even when people wear gloves as a safety barrier, hand washing can significantly reduce transmission of infections.

Essential Tips for Health and Well-Being
Good hand washing requires three elements: soap, water, and friction. Although washing hands seems easy, these often-overlooked techniques make it more effective—and more likely to protect your health.

1. Get into hot water
A public opinion survey found that 3 in 10 North Americans don’t know that warmer water (somewhere between 37.7°C and 42.2°C) is more effective in eliminating germs. You are in the right range if the water feels comfortably toasty.

2. Remove the jewels
When researchers compared bacteria counts on the hands of 50 ring-wearing health-care workers to those of 50 who did not wear rings, they discovered that ring wearers had higher counts of staph bacteria both before and after hand washing. Hand washing reduced staph counts by 46 percent for those without rings—but only 29 percent for those with rings.
The lesson: Before washing, remove your jewelry, then wash your jewelry and your hands.

3. Soap it up

Unless you or someone in your family is quite ill or has weakened immunity, avoid antibacterial cleansers. Wash with the mildest soap available, preferably one that contains a moisturizer. Germs from other people’s hands can cling to bars of soap, so it is better to use a squirt of liquid soap. Liquid soap dispensers can become contaminated, so use disposable ones or clean reusable ones often.